ECG Design Using Arduino

In the realm of medical diagnostics, the Electrocardiogram (ECG) stands as a pivotal tool, offering insights into the heart's electrical activity. Our project aimed to harness the versatility of Arduino to design a functional ECG, emphasizing precision and user-friendliness.

Technical Highlights:

• ECG Fundamentals: An ECG captures the heart's electrical activity through electrodes typically placed on a patient's right arm, left arm, and left leg. This electrical activity, stemming from the heart muscle's depolarization and repolarization, manifests as minute voltage fluctuations. The ECG machine records these as a series of waves, aiding in diagnosing heart attacks, arrhythmias, and other electrical heart abnormalities.

• Electrode Selection: We utilized "3MTM Red DotTM monitoring electrodes with foam and adhesive gel," designed for medical applications. These electrodes ensure minimal skin irritation and enhanced patient comfort. Additionally, the detachable wires connecting each electrode to the circuit enhance safety.

• Circuit Design: Our ECG is a three-electrode system, with electrodes positioned on the left leg's ankle and the inner wrists of both arms. The signal is derived from the right and left arm electrodes, which detect a voltage difference. This difference is then amplified by the instrumentation amplifier.
  

• Arduino Integration: We utilized an Arduino Uno R3, requiring an input voltage range of 0-5V. The Arduino code, essential for data acquisition, was adapted and refined from a foundational code provided during our course.

Testing & Results:

• Filter Characterization: Our tests revealed that the combined filters produced a bandpass between 0 and 100Hz, indicating their effective collaboration.

• ECG Signal Acquisition: Upon assembling the circuit and integrating the refined Arduino code, we successfully obtained clear ECG waveforms with discernible PQRST waves.

Code made to read the Data acquisition:

Circuit Block Diagram:

Circuit Design: